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本文讨论高等教育扩张对以创新为主要增长动力的现代经济增长的影响。我们在熊彼特式创新增长模型的基础上解析高等教育扩张通过影响创新进而作用于经济增长的影响机制,指出:一方面,高等教育扩张通过提升人力资本而可能有利于增强总体创新能力,但另一方面,在信息不对称的情况下,高等教育扩张也可能扰乱高等教育的信号作用,扭曲研发部门劳动力的甄选,进而对增长产生负面影响。因此,高等教育扩张的增长效应将可能随发展阶段而不同。进一步,本文利用我国省际面板数据展开的经验检验支持了理论分析结论。总体而言,我国高等教育扩张对创新效率与经济增长的影响均呈现先上升再下降的“倒U型”态势。最后,本文也进行了简要的现实意义的讨论。
This article discusses the impact of higher education expansion on modern economic growth with innovation as the main driving force. On the basis of the Schumpeterian model of innovation growth, we analyze the impact mechanism of higher education expansion through influencing innovation and further its role in economic growth. It points out that on the one hand, higher education expansion may enhance overall innovation capability through upgrading human capital, On the other hand, in the case of asymmetric information, the expansion of higher education may also disrupt the signal function of higher education and distort the selection of labor in the research and development sector, which in turn will have a negative impact on growth. Therefore, the growth effects of the expansion of higher education will likely vary with the stage of development. Further, this paper uses the empirical test of the panel data in our province to support the conclusion of theoretical analysis. In general, the impact of the expansion of higher education on innovation efficiency and economic growth in our country both showed an upward trend and then a downward trend. Finally, this article also conducted a brief discussion of the practical significance.