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基于实地调研访谈,对北京市怀柔区的生态资源现状、存在问题及补偿情况进行分析;基于生态服务理论基础,选择当量因子法评估了怀柔区的生态系统服务价值,并测算了生态服务的外溢价值。研究发现:第一,怀柔区仅在森林和水资源领域实施了生态补偿,补偿范围覆盖不全;补偿资金来源单一,主要来自国家和北京市(1.14亿元,占67.2%)。第二,怀柔区的生态系统服务价值极高(937.93亿元),是2015年地区生产总值的4倍;水资源生态服务价值最大;森林年均吸收CO2的可交易价值高达45.36亿元,占GDP的19.4%。第三,怀柔区生态服务价值向周边地区的外溢效应很大(409.76亿元),但现有补偿过低。最后,从怀柔区、北京市、国家三个层面提出完善生态补偿、实现生态资源保值和增值的政策建议。
Based on field research and interview, this paper analyzes the current situation, existing problems and compensation of ecological resources in Huairou District of Beijing. Based on the theory of ecological service, the ecosystem service value of Huairou District is evaluated by the equivalent factor method, and the ecological service spillover value. The findings are as follows: Firstly, Huairou District only implemented ecological compensation in the area of forests and water resources, and the compensation scope was not covered completely. The source of compensation funds was single, mainly from the state and Beijing Municipality (114 million yuan or 67.2%). Second, the value of ecosystem services in Huairou District is very high (93.793 billion yuan), which is four times of the GDP in 2015. The value of water resources ecosystem services is the highest. The annual trade value of forest CO2 absorption reaches as high as 4.536 billion yuan, 19.4% of GDP. Third, the spillover effect of the ecological service value in Huairou District to the surrounding areas is very large (40.976 billion yuan), but the existing compensation is too low. Finally, we put forward some suggestions on how to improve the ecological compensation from the three aspects of Huairou District, Beijing Municipality and the state to realize the preservation and appreciation of ecological resources.