孙中山因应进化论的潮流思考平等博爱,提出人类进化应当遵循互助原则。博爱既受法国革命精神的驱动,也是对传统仁爱资源的吸取。互助包含了利益的互惠,也体现了亲社会行为的精神。博爱在中西古今有狭义和广义的区分,双方各有自己存在的理由。仁爱的恢复和发扬光大取决于它能否实行,必须在用中去见体。救世、救人、救国的性质皆为博爱,利他和博爱的思想孕育并促成了宗教慈善的事业,革命则是解决不平等问题的最后手段。将革命与博爱相关联,是孙中山博爱观的最大特点。与人群进化三时期相应的三种人之间可以相需互助,服务人人的“道德心”使得互助互爱成为最正常的选择。 Sun Yat-sen in response to the trend of evolution of equal fraternity, proposed that human evolution should follow the principle of mutual aid. Fraternity is both driven by the revolutionary spirit of France and a source of traditional benevolent resources. Mutual aid includes the reciprocity of interests, but also embodies the spirit of pro-social behavior. Fraternity in ancient and modern Guangxi has narrow and broad distinction between the two sides each have their own reasons for existence. The restoration and development of benevolence depends on whether it can be practiced or not. It must be seen in its use. The nature of salvation, salvation and nation-salvation are the philanthropic, altruistic and philanthropic thoughts which gave birth to and contributed to the cause of religious charity. Revolution is the last resort to solve the problem of inequality. Associating the revolution with fraternity is the most important feature of Sun Yat-sen’s fraternity view. The three kinds of people corresponding to the three stages of the evolution of the population can each other help each other and serve everyone “moral heart ” makes mutual aid and mutual love the most normal choice.