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通过近30年(1981—2010年)的长期定位试验,系统研究长期施肥对黄绵土区作物产量及养分累积利用率的影响。结果表明:长期施用化肥和有机肥在显著增加小麦、油菜和胡麻3种作物产量的同时小麦产量年际间的稳定性也显著提高,化肥配施和有机肥与化肥配施的增产和稳产效果更佳;施用有机肥处理和不施用有机肥处理,氮磷配施(NP)及氮磷钾配施(NPK)的增产效应都随试验年限延长而逐渐增加,且与试验年限间呈极显著正相关关系;施用氮肥(N)、氮磷配施(NP)及氮磷钾配施(NPK)的平均增产效应分别为745、1 413 kg·hm-2和1474 kg·hm-2,有机肥的平均增产效应为983 kg·hm-2;不同施肥处理中,氮磷(NP)配合施用及氮磷钾(NPK)配施处理氮和磷的累积回收率最高,分别为44.35%、44.55%和15.11%、15.35%;施用有机肥降低了氮和磷的累积回收率,有机肥与氮磷(MNP)及有机肥与氮磷钾(MNP)配施处理氮和磷的累积回收率分别为30.41%、32.07%和9.95%、9.70%;氮磷钾(NPK)处理钾的累积回收率最高,为14.25%,同样施用有机肥显著降低了钾的累积回收率。
Through the long-term experiment of nearly 30 years (1981-2010), the effects of long-term fertilization on crop yield and nutrient accumulation and utilization rate in loessial soil were systematically studied. The results showed that the long-term application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers significantly increased the inter-annual wheat yield stability while significantly increasing the yield of wheat, rapeseed and flax, and the yield and stable yield of chemical fertilizers and chemical fertilizers And the yield of NPK and NPK increased with the prolongation of test period, and it was extremely significant with the experiment period (NPK) and NPK (NPK) were 745, 1 413 kg · hm-2 and 1474 kg · hm-2, The average yield of fertilizer was 983 kg · hm-2. The cumulative recoveries of nitrogen and phosphorus were the highest (44.35%, 44.55%, respectively) with the combination of NP and NPK in different fertilization treatments %, 15.11% and 15.35% respectively. The cumulative recovery rate of nitrogen and phosphorus decreased with the application of organic manure. The cumulative recoveries of organic manure and nitrogen and phosphorus (MNP) and organic manure with NPP (30.41%, 32.07% and 9.95%, 9.70%). The cumulative recovery of potassium by NPK treatment was the highest, which was 14.25% Significantly reduced cumulative recovery of potassium.