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以沈阳市某制药厂制药废水为研究对象,比较制药废水对不同营养级别水生生物的毒性效应,并评估水处理过程对毒性的削减效率。结果表明,制药直排废水和处理过程中各工艺出水对斑马鱼、大型蚤的毒性单位(TU)在1.2~2.9,对斜生栅藻、发光细菌无明显生长抑制和发光抑制效应;进水、水解和好氧过程的草履虫毒性TU在1.2~1.5。生物对制药废水毒性反应的灵敏性从高到低依次为斑马鱼、大型蚤、草履虫、明亮发光杆菌和斜生栅藻。该制药废水经水解酸化-好氧法处理后,水质达到《化学合成类制药工业水污染物排放标准》,但出水仍对大型蚤和斑马鱼产生急性毒性作用。理化指标(COD、BOD_5、NH_3-N)与毒性指标值无显著相关性,毒性去除率低于理化指标去除率。制药废水的毒性随生物营养级别升高而增强,表明其对高等生物具有潜在危害。
Taking the pharmaceutical wastewater of a pharmaceutical factory in Shenyang as the research object, the toxic effects of pharmaceutical wastewater on aquatic organisms with different nutritional levels were compared, and the reduction efficiency of toxicity on water treatment process was evaluated. The results showed that the effluent from the direct effluents of wastewater treatment and the process of treatment had no obvious growth inhibition and luminescence inhibitory effects on Zebrafish and Daphnia magna in the range of 1.2 ~ 2.9, , Hydrolysis and aerobic process of paramecium toxicity TU in 1.2 ~ 1.5. The biological sensitivity to toxicity of pharmaceutical wastewater from high to low were zebrafish, daphnia, paramecium, luminescent bacterium and stramenum. After the pharmaceutical wastewater was hydrolyzed and acidified-aerobically treated, its water quality reached the standard of “Discharge Standard for Water Pollutants of Chemical Industry”, but the effluent still had an acute toxic effect on Daphnia magna and zebrafish. Physical and chemical indicators (COD, BOD_5, NH_3-N) and toxicity index no significant correlation, toxicity removal rate lower than physical and chemical indicators removal rate. The toxicity of pharmaceutical effluents increases with increasing trophic levels of the organisms, indicating their potential harm to higher organisms.