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全球变化研究日益受到世界各国政府与科学界的高度关注.合成孔径成像雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)作为一种主动微波遥感成像手段,在对地观测中发挥着重要作用.为实现对地球的大尺度、连续性、长期性动态观测,更好满足全球变化科学问题研究的需要,并形成与星机载对地观测技术互补的能力,本文提出在月球上建立一个成像雷达系统,基于月球平台展开面向全球变化的观测的设想.月基成像雷达系统具有高分辨率、宽测绘带幅宽的特点,条带模式下测绘带幅宽可达数千公里,采用扫描模式一天可以覆盖地球表面的40%,其空间分辨率可达10 m级甚至更高.通过简化的观测模型,本文定量分析了月基成像雷达的空间分辨率和覆盖范围,并通过模拟观测青藏高原和亚马逊平原的覆盖范围.结果表明,该系统大部分天数能完全覆盖青藏高原,而观测亚马逊平原的覆盖率在40%~70%之间.通过月基成像雷达可以提供大范围、长期而且稳定的时间序列数据,为全球变化研究提供有力的支持.
Global change research is receiving increasing attention from governments and scientific communities all over the world.SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR) is an active microwave remote sensing imaging method that plays an important role in earth observation.In order to realize the Earth’s Large-scale, continuous and long-term dynamic observation to better meet the needs of the research on global change science and form the capability of complementing the satellite on-board observation technology. This paper proposes to establish an imaging radar system on the moon, based on the lunar platform The concept of global observation of changes in the moon-based imaging radar system with high resolution, wide swath width characteristics of strip mode swath width of up to thousands of kilometers, the use of scanning patterns can cover the Earth’s surface a day 40% spatial resolution of 10 m or more.Through the simplified observation model, this paper quantitatively analyzed the spatial resolution and coverage of moon-based imaging radar and observed the coverage of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Amazon Plain by simulation The results show that most of the system can completely cover the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau, while the coverage of the Amazon plain is between 40% 70% .Generally, long-term and stable time-series data can be provided by moon-based imaging radar, providing strong support for global change research.