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一般认为,躯体运动传导通种包括锥体系和锥体外系.锥体系主要由上、下二级运动神经元联系构成.上运动神经元是指大脑皮质躯体运动中枢至脑干内躯体运动核和脊髓灰质前角的神经元或神经元链;下运动神经元是指脑干内躯体运动核和脊髓灰质前角运动神经元,它们是传导冲动至骨骼肌的最后公路(final common pathway).锥体外系是相对锥体系提出的,是指除锥体系以外的与躯体运动有关的下行传导通路的总称.锥体外系与锥体系在大脑皮质上的代表区及下行纤维存在某些重叠,二者难以截然区分.锥体外系纤维联系复杂,但最终是与最后公路联系,通过最后公路来影响躯体运动.也就是说,最后公路实际上是锥体系、锥体外系下行联系的共同的最后公路.作者认为:(1)摒弃锥体外系概念.将躯体运动传导通路分为上、下运动神经元,下运动神经元是最后公路,其他总称为上运动神经元.(2)若要遵循传统的观点,可不尽合理地将上运动神经元区分为锥体系和锥体外系.二者都与最后公路联系.这样,躯体运动传导通路可分为锥体系、锥体外系及最后公路三部分.(3)锥体系和锥体束的概念不同.锥体系是指发出锥体束的整个上运动神经元,包括锥体束(Pyramidal tract)是指大脑皮质运动区发出的运动信息传至脑干和脊髓的通路.锥体束命名(1851年)先于大脑
It is generally believed that the somatic motility mediation includes cones and extrapyramidal systems.The cones are mainly composed of upper and lower secondary motor neurons.The upper motor neurons refer to the motor core of the cerebral cortex to the motor core in the brain stem and The neurons or neuronal chains in the anterior horn of the gray matter; the lower motor neurons refer to the somatic motor nucleus in the brainstem and the anterior motor neurons in the gray matter, which are the final common pathways that conduct impulses to the skeletal muscles. In vitro system is proposed by the relative cone system, refers to the cone system in addition to the so-called body movement related to the downlink conduction path of the extrapyramidal system and cone system in the cerebral cortex of the representative area and the downlink fiber there is some overlap, both Difficult to distinguish completely.Extraxial fiber complex link, but eventually with the last highway, through the final road to affect the body movement.That is, the final road is actually a cone system, extra-pyramid system down the line with the common final highway. The author thinks: (1) Abandon the concept of extrapyramidal system.It divides somatic motor conduction pathway into upper and lower motor neurons, lower motor neurons are the last highway, others are collectively called (2) To follow the traditional viewpoints, the upper motor neurons can not be reasonably divided into cone system and extra-pyramidal system, both of which are connected with the last highway, so that the body movement conduction path can be divided into cone System, the extrapyramidal system and the last three sections of the road. (3) The concept of cone system and pyramidal tract is different cone system refers to the entire upper motor neurons that emit pyramidal tract, including the pyramidal tract (Pyramidal tract) refers to the brain Movement information from the cortical area is transmitted to the brainstem and spinal cord pathways. Pyramidal tract naming (1851) precedes the brain