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[目的]探讨泰安市近50年来流脑流行特征,掌握其流行规律,为今后进一步做好流脑防治工作提供科学依据。[方法]对泰安市1961~2007年流脑疫情资料利用Excel软件进行流行病学分析。[结果]1961~2007年流脑共发病93 640例,死亡4 735例,年平均发病率和年平均死亡率分别为35.50/10万、1.80/10万,病死率平均为5.06%。发病率以20世纪60年代最高,70年代明显下降,2000年以后下降到最低水平,不同年代间发病率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);发病季节高峰在2~5月;发病年龄主要在15岁以下儿童;以散居儿童、中小学生为主。[结论]对15岁以下的儿童进行流脑疫苗接种,提高有效接种率是控制流脑流行的关键。
[Objective] To explore the epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal meningitis in Tai’an in the past 50 years and to master its epidemic law and provide a scientific basis for further prevention and control of meningitis. [Method] The epidemiological data of epidemic encephalitis in Tai’an from 1961 to 2007 were analyzed by Excel software. [Results] There were 93 640 cases of meningitis and 4 735 deaths in 1961-2007. The average annual incidence and annual average mortality were 35.50 / 100 000 and 1.80 / 100 000, respectively. The average mortality was 5.06%. The morbidity was the highest in the 1960s, but dropped significantly in the 1970s. After 2000, the morbidity dropped to its lowest level. There was a significant difference in morbidity between different years (P <0.01); the peak season of onset was from February to May; the age of onset Mainly in children under 15 years of age; to scattered children, primary and secondary students. [Conclusion] The key to control the epidemic of meningococcal meningitis is to vaccinate children under 15 years of age against meningococcal meningitis and to increase the effective vaccination rate.