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神经元的功能有赖于它的细胞膜的特性,沿着轴突膜特化来传播电冲动,在轴突末端释放递质,而在树突处,膜则对递质起反应。此外,在胚胎发育中还借助于细胞膜来识别其他细胞。神经元的膜与所有的细胞膜相同,大约5毫微米厚,由二层类酯分子组成,其亲水端指向细胞的内含水表面;疏水端表面形成膜的内部。包埋在类脂双层分子层中的蛋白质称为内在蛋白质。别的蛋白质即周边膜蛋白质(或表在蛋白质),
The function of a neuron depends on the properties of its cell membrane, electrical impulses are propagated along the axon and neurotransmitters are released at the ends of the axons, whereas at the dendrites, the membrane reacts with the transmitter. In addition, other cells are also identified by means of cell membranes during embryonic development. The neuronal membrane, like all cell membranes, is about 5 nanometers thick and consists of a bilayer-like ester molecule with the hydrophilic end pointing towards the internal water surface of the cell and the hydrophobic end surface forming the inside of the membrane. Proteins embedded in the lipid bilayer are called intrinsic proteins. Other proteins, peripheral membrane proteins (or proteins on the table),