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新时期农村合作医疗经历了曲折的发展历程。随着家庭承包经营的推行,农村合作医疗迅速瓦解,覆盖率由20世纪70年代末的90%下降到1985年的5%。90年代初开始,党和政府努力恢复合作医疗,但重建工作一再受挫。农民自费医疗的境况带来了严重的社会问题。2003年初,新型农村合作医疗制度出台,这是又一项富有中国特色的社会主义制度创新。几年来的试点和推广实践证明,新型农村合作医疗制度符合我国的实际,对保障农民身体健康、维护社会和谐和促进经济发展具有重要意义。同时,建立完善的农村医疗保障制度需要各方力量的整合,任重而道远。
The rural cooperative medical system underwent a twists and turns in the new era. With the implementation of family contract management, rural cooperative medical care collapsed rapidly, with the coverage rate dropping from 90% in the late 1970s to 5% in 1985. Since the early 1990s, the party and government have worked hard to resume cooperative medical care. However, the reconstruction work has been repeatedly frustrated. The situation of peasants at their own expense brought serious social problems. In early 2003, the new rural cooperative medical system was promulgated. This is yet another innovation of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. The past few years of pilot and promotion practice have proved that the new rural cooperative medical system is in line with China’s reality and is of great significance to ensuring the health of peasants, safeguarding social harmony and promoting economic development. At the same time, the establishment of a sound rural medical security system requires the integration of various forces and there is a long way to go.