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本文根据三维液体-固体超声频脉冲振动的模型试验和野外高频地震勘探的结果,对直角断层(θ=90°)、锐角断层(θ<90°)和钝角断层(θ>90°)进行了综合分析。θ角改变时,波的追踪范围和类型均不相同。三种断层中振幅随距离的变化亦不同。当θ=90°时,根据反射波或繞射波振幅随距离变化曲线上的极大值点,可以确定断层的位置;当θ<90°或是θ>90°时,根据振幅曲线上的特征值同样可以确定断层的位置和类型。θ角不同,波的强度变化也不同。不论θ=90°,>90°还是<90°,由一种类型的波向另一种类型的波过渡时,频谱极大值的频率和记录的主周期均有跳跃变化。文中对三种断层做了综合比较,确定了某些基本准则,利用它们可以确定不同类型的断层,这些模型试验结果与野外高频反射波的资料对比,说明它们的特征基本上是一致的。
In this paper, the right-angle fault (θ = 90 °), the acute-angle fault (θ <90 °) and the obtuse-angle fault (θ> 90 °) are studied based on the 3D model experiments of liquid- A comprehensive analysis. When θ is changed, the range and type of wave tracing are different. The amplitude of the three faults varies with distance. When θ = 90 °, the position of the fault can be determined according to the maximum point of the amplitude of the reflected wave or diffraction wave with the distance variation curve. When θ <90 ° or θ> 90 °, Eigenvalues also determine the location and type of faults. Theta angle is different, the intensity of the wave is also different. Regardless of θ = 90 °,> 90 ° or <90 °, the transition of one type of wave to another type of wave has a jump in the frequency of the spectral maximum and the recorded main period. In this paper, three kinds of faults are comprehensively compared, some basic criteria are determined, and different types of faults can be identified by using them. The results of these model tests are in good agreement with the data of field high frequency reflection waves, indicating that their characteristics are basically the same.