近十几年来,药理学发展迅速。一方面向纵深方面发展,另一方面则在面上发展,出现了很多新的药理学分支,而在系统药理学书籍中则出现了许多新的章节,如避孕药药理、抗真菌药药理、抗病毒药药理、非甾体抗炎药药理、肾上腺素乙受体阻断药药理以及药物的相互作用等。现就较重要的几个方面加以介绍。神经介质和受体 (一)神经介质近十几年来利用生物化学、电生理学、同位素标记、组织化学、电镜、免疫组织化学以及冰冻蚀刻法等方法对神经突触部位介质(递质)的转运与转化进行了较深入的研究。特别是对于传出神经末梢了解得更为深入,现仅以传出神经系统为例,作一简介。【传出神经末梢的超微结构】利用电镜观察突触证明传出神经末梢与效应器间确实存在一定的突触间隙,这就成为化学传递学说最重要的形态学证据。肾上腺素能神经末 In recent ten years, pharmacology has developed rapidly. On the one hand to develop in depth, on the other hand in the face of development, there have been many new branches of pharmacology, and in the systematic pharmacology books there are many new chapters, such as contraceptive pharmacology, antifungal pharmacology, Antiviral pharmacology, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug pharmacology, adrenergic receptor blocker pharmacology and drug interactions. Here are some of the more important aspects to be introduced. Neurotransmitters and Receptors (1) Neurotransmitters The transport of neurotransmitter mediators (neurotransmitters) by biochemical, electrophysiological, isotopic labeling, histochemistry, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and cryo-etching methods for more than a decade And conversions conducted a more in-depth study. Especially for the spread of nerve endings to understand more in-depth, now only to the outgoing nervous system, for example, as a profile. 【Ultrastructure of the Outgoing Nerve Endings】 Using electron microscopy to observe synapses proves that there is indeed some synaptic gap between the nerve endings and the effector. This has become the most important morphological evidence of chemical transfer theory. Adrenergic nerve endings