由于港口产业的特殊经济属性,国际通行做法曾长期是由政府负责提供港口基础设施,并对港口企业的市场进退和定价等经营活动采取严格的直接规制政策。这种制度安排虽然反映了港口产业的某些特性,但也容易引起规制失灵。正是这些作为实践动力的规制失灵,和理论认识的发展、技术特? Due to the special economic attributes of the port industry, the international practice has long been that the government is responsible for providing the port infrastructure and adopting strict direct regulatory policies on the business activities of the port enterprises such as market advance and retreat and pricing. Although this institutional arrangement reflects certain characteristics of the port industry, it can easily lead to regulatory failures. It is these rules and regulations as a practical power failure, and the development of theoretical knowledge, technical special?