霉菌对档案材料的危害性很大,所以,防霉是档案保护工作的一项重要内容。微生物学中把凡是生长在营养基质上形成绒毛状,蜘蛛网状或絮状菌丝体的真菌统称为霉菌。在分类学上霉菌分属于藻菌纲、子囊菌纲和半知菌类。据有关材料介绍,档案上最常见的霉菌有曲霉属、青霉属、毛霉属、木霉属、大孢霉属、芽枝霉属、镰刀菌属的真菌。霉菌菌体均由分枝或不分枝的菌丝构成,一团菌丝交织在一起称为菌丝体。我们肉眼看到的霉点是许多菌丝体的集合,在微生物学上称为菌落。菌丝的内部构造在显微镜下观察皆成管状,直径约2—10um(微米)。霉菌菌丝可分为营养菌丝和气生菌丝,营养菌丝长入培养基内吸取养料,伸出培养基外的称为气生菌丝。由于气生菌丝上常产生孢子,故又称它为繁殖菌丝。霉菌菌丝顶端可以延伸、分枝而生长,菌丝 Mold is very harmful to the file materials, so mildew protection is an important part of the file protection work. In the field of microbiology, all fungi that form villous, cobweb or flocculent mycelium grown on a nutrient substrate are collectively referred to as mold. In taxonomy mold belongs to Algae, Ascomycetes and semi-known fungi. According to the relevant materials, the most common molds in the file include Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Trichoderma, Mortierella, Mycobacterium, Fusarium. Mold fungi are branched or unbranched mycelium, a group of mycelium intertwined together called mycelium. The moldy spots we see with naked eyes are a collection of many mycelia, which are microbiologically called colonies. The internal structure of the mycelium is observed under a microscope into a tube, a diameter of about 2-10um (microns). Mold mycelium can be divided into vegetative hyphae and aerial mycelium, vegetative mycelium grow into the medium to absorb nutrients, out of the medium known as air mycelium. As the aerial mycelium often produce spores, it is also known as breeding mycelium. Mycelium top can be extended, branched and growing, mycelium