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加拿大某地区稀土矿稀土品位低,稀土矿物与铁白云石等脉石矿物共生伴生嵌布关系复杂,采用传统的工艺矿物学难以对稀土矿的赋存状态和粒度分布进行定量分析。因此,借助MLA、XRD、XRF和SEM对该地区所产生的矿石进行工艺矿物学研究。结果表明,矿石中轻稀土矿物主要为氟碳铈矿和独居石,其稀土品位RE_2O_3为3.66%。其它有用矿物为菱锶矿和针铁矿,品位分别为1.77%和22.91%。脉石矿物主要为铁白云石、黑云母、铁辉石。氟碳铈矿和独居石主要与菱锶矿和针铁矿相互连生与包裹,体现在氟碳铈矿与针铁矿、菱锶矿和主要脉石矿物相互穿插形成密切的嵌布关系。独居石与氟碳铈矿的嵌布关系比较密切,多分布在氟碳铈矿颗粒间及裂缝中,有时也和菱锶矿和铁辉石等矿物嵌布在一起。稀土矿中的Ce、La和Nd元素主要赋存在氟碳铈矿中。Fe元素赋存在针铁矿中Fe_2O_3占57.76%,其它主要赋存在脉石矿物铁白云石中占40.08%。当磨矿粒度在74μm所占比例为80%时,氟碳铈矿、独居石、菱锶矿和针铁矿的解离度分别为44.44%、27.71%、81.08%和34.52%。与此同时,22μm以上的氟碳铈矿、独居石、菱锶矿和针铁矿的理论回收率的预测分别为80.51%、67.75%、80.76%和85.38%。这些工艺矿物学参数为工业利用该矿的稀土选矿工艺的设计及有价元素综合回收提供理论依据。
Rare earths in some areas of Canada have low grade of rare earths, and the symbiotic relationship between gangue minerals such as rare earth minerals and iron dolomites is complicated. It is difficult to quantify the occurrence state and particle size distribution of rare earth ore by traditional process mineralogy. Therefore, process mineralogy studies of ores produced in this area have been conducted using MLA, XRD, XRF and SEM. The results show that the light rare earth minerals in ore are mainly bastnaesite and monazite, and the rare earth grade RE_2O_3 is 3.66%. Other useful minerals are strontianite and goethite, with grades of 1.77% and 22.91% respectively. Gangue minerals are mainly iron dolomite, biotite, iron pyroxene. Bastnaesite and monazite are mainly associated with spinel and goethite and goethite intergrowth and parcels, which is reflected in the close intercalating relationship between bastnaesite and goethite, strontaxite and major gangue minerals interspersed with each other. Monazite and bastnaes are closely related to each other, and are mostly distributed among the bastnaesite particles and fractures, sometimes together with minerals such as strontianite and iron pyroxene. The elements Ce, La and Nd in rare earth ore mainly exist in bastnaesite. Fe element exists in goethite Fe_2O_3 accounted for 57.76%, the other mainly in gangue minerals iron dolomite accounted for 40.08%. The dissociations of bastnaesite, monazite, strontaxite and goethite were 44.44%, 27.71%, 81.08% and 34.52% respectively when the grinding particle size was 74% in 80%. At the same time, theoretical recovery of bastnaesite, monazite, stronta-strontium and goethite above 22μm were predicted to be 80.51%, 67.75%, 80.76% and 85.38%, respectively. These process mineralogy parameters provide the theoretical basis for the industrial design of rare earth beneficiation process and the comprehensive recovery of valuable elements.