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以水蒸气蒸馏法提取假高粱挥发油,应用GC和GC-MS定量分析其化学成分,并探讨其饱和水溶液对作物、杂草和土壤微生物的活性。结果表明,从挥发油中鉴定出的26种化学成分占总挥发油的76.51%,主要成分为倍半萜类化合物,如反式-α-佛手烯(21.95%)、α-绿叶烯(10.77%)和α-雪松烯(4.66%)等。假高粱挥发油对所有供试杂草种子萌发、作物苗高及其干重具有较强的抑制作用。在假高粱挥发油作用下,土壤中真菌和放线菌数量显著减少,细菌数量明显增加。研究证明,假高粱挥发油对其它植物及土壤微生物有较强的化感效应。
Sorghum volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation. The chemical constituents were analyzed by GC and GC-MS, and the activities of saturated aqueous solution on crops, weeds and soil microorganisms were also investigated. The results showed that 26 chemical constituents identified from the volatile oil accounted for 76.51% of the total volatile oil, and the main components were sesquiterpenoids such as trans-α-bergolone (21.95%), α-chlorophyll (10.77% And α-cedrene (4.66%). The volatile oil of fake sorghum has a strong inhibitory effect on the germination of weeds, the height of crop and the dry weight of weed seeds. Under the action of volatile oil of fake sorghum, the number of fungi and actinomycetes in the soil decreased significantly and the number of bacteria increased obviously. Studies have shown that the fake sorghum volatile oil on other plants and soil microorganisms have a stronger allelopathic effect.