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目的了解长沙市农村地区适龄留守儿童扩大国家免疫规划(National Immunization Program,NIP)疫苗接种率现状。方法采取多阶段随机抽样的方法,随机抽取20个乡镇(5个/区县)120个行政村1~6岁留守儿童,共入户调查留守儿童1 027名,非留守儿童1 150名。结果适龄留守儿童卡介苗(bacilli calmette-guerin vaccine,BCG)、3剂乙肝疫苗(hepatitis B vaccine,HepB3)、3剂脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(oral poliomyelitis attenuated live vaccine,OPV3)、第4剂OPV(OPV4)、3剂次百白破疫苗(diphtheria,tetanus and pertussis combined vaccine,DTP3)、第4剂DTP(DTP4)、第1剂含麻疹疫苗(measles-containing vaccine,MCV1)、第2剂MCV(MCV2)、第1剂乙脑疫苗(japanese encephalitis vaccine,JEV1)、第2剂乙脑疫苗(JEV2)、第1剂A群流脑疫苗(group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine,MPV-A1)、第2剂A群流脑疫苗(MPV-A2)、第1剂A+C群流脑疫苗(group A and C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine,MPV-AC1)、甲肝疫苗(hepatitis A vaccine,HepA)的接种率分别为99.5%、98.3%、99.1%、62.4%、98.7%、86.2%、97.6%、91.7%、93.5%、71.2%、98.2%、83.0%、48.0%和81.5%;留守儿童MCV1、MCV2、OPV4、DTP4、JEV1、JEV2、MPV-A2及MPV-AC1接种率均低于非留守组儿童且差异有统计学意义(2值分别为5.38,7.66,4.41,4.77,4.21,10.87,4.93,5.04,均有P<0.05)。结论长沙市农村地区适龄留守儿童基础免疫接种率大部分达国家要求,但加强免疫接种率相对较低,且均低于非留守组儿童,需采取针对性措施,提高接种率,降低农村留守儿童疫苗可预防传染病的发病率。
Objective To understand the current situation of expanding the coverage of the National Immunization Program (NIP) in eligible children left behind in rural Changsha. Methods A multi-stage random sampling method was used to randomly select left-behind children aged from 1 to 6 in 120 administrative villages in 20 townships (5 districts / counties). A total of 1 027 left-behind children and 1 150 non-left-behind children were investigated. Results Bacilli calmette-guerin vaccine (BCG), three hepatitis B vaccine (HepB3), three oral poliomyelitis attenuated live vaccine (OPV3), the fourth OPV (OPV4), diphtheria tetanus and pertussis combined vaccine (DTP3), 4th dose of DTP (DTP4), 1st dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1), 2nd dose of MCV (MCV2), the first encephalitis vaccine (JEV1), the second encephalitis vaccine (JEV2), the first group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPV-A1), the second The inoculation rates of group A and C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPV-A2), group A and C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPV-AC1) and hepatitis A vaccine (HepA) were 99.5%, 98.3%, 99.1%, 62.4%, 98.7%, 86.2%, 97.6%, 91.7%, 93.5%, 71.2%, 98.2%, 83.0%, 48.0% and 81.5% The inoculation rates of DTP4, JEV1, JEV2, MPV-A2 and MPV-AC1 were all lower than those of non-left-behind children (2 value Do is 5.38,7.66,4.41,4.77,4.21,10.87,4.93,5.04, both P <0.05). Conclusion The basic immunization rate of children left behind in school in Changsha is mostly required by the state, but the rate of boosting immunization is relatively lower than that of non-left-behind children. Targeted measures should be taken to increase the vaccination rate and reduce the number of left-behind children in rural areas Vaccines prevent the incidence of infectious diseases.