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通过地统计学、空间分析方法及结合农户施肥调查,对菜地土壤养分的空间变异特征进行研究。结果表明,农户施肥水平差别较大,整体上施磷相对过多,施钾相对较少,土壤OM、NH4+-N、P、K、Ca、Mg和S的变异系数在28.4%～69.2%之间。土壤各养分的空间变异结构有较大区别,土壤OM及NH4+-N的变异具有强烈空间相关性,土壤P、K、Ca、Mg和S养分含量的变异为中等空间相关性。土壤养分的等值线图显示,OM在空间的分布与土壤质地渐变规律相关,NH4+-N呈现南北向的带状分布,P、K、Ca、Mg和S趋于小块状分布。总的来说,施肥等人为因素加剧了土壤矿质养分的空间变异。
Through the geostatistics, spatial analysis methods and the survey of fertilization of farmers, the spatial variability of soil nutrient in vegetable field was studied. The results showed that the fertilization levels of peasant households differed greatly, with relatively high phosphorus application rate and relatively low potassium application rate. The coefficient of variation of soil OM, NH4 + -N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S varied from 28.4% to 69.2% between. Spatial variability of nutrients in soils is quite different. There is a strong spatial correlation between soil OM and NH4 + -N. The variation of soil nutrients P, K, Ca, Mg and S is moderately spatial. Contour maps of soil nutrients show that the spatial distribution of OM is related to the gradual change of soil texture. NH4 + -N exhibits a north-south banding distribution and P, K, Ca, Mg and S tend to be distributed in small patches. In general, man-made factors such as fertilization aggravate the spatial variability of soil mineral nutrients.