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本文根据马克思关于人的全面发展学说,对文学活动的性质作了新的阐释。首先,文学活动作为人的一种自由自觉的生命活动,其本质不仅仅是对现实的模仿,更重要的是体现为创作主体对于美的能动的创造性。其次,文学活动具有个人主体和社会主体相统一的性质,同时文学又是最具个体性的精神活动之一,优秀的文学作品应体现个人的自我实现与时代、民族乃至人类意识的契合。第三,文学的使命是为人类寻找和提供精神家园和情感归宿,它在感觉领域上的优势使其对于人的全面解放具有特殊作用。本文认为,文学作为一种审美活动,是实现马克思关于人的全面发展的重要途径。
Based on Marx’s theory of man’s all-round development, this article gives a new explanation of the nature of literary activities. First, literary activity, as a free and conscious life activity of human beings, is not only an imitation of reality, but more importantly, an active initiative of the creative subject for beauty. Second, literary activities have the same nature as individual subjects and social subjects. Meanwhile, literature is one of the most individualized spiritual activities. Excellent literary works should embody the fit between individual self-realization and the times, nations and even human beings. Third, the mission of literature is to find and provide spiritual homes and emotional endings for humankind. Its superiority in the field of feeling makes it have a special role in the overall emancipation of the human person. This paper argues that literature, as an aesthetic activity, is an important way to realize Marx’s all-round development of human beings.