直肠平滑肌肉瘤临床少见。本文收集我院近10年来所收治的3例直肠平滑肌肉瘤,并复习国内有关文献,阐述其临床及病理学特点。 1 临床资料 本组3例患者均为男性,年龄分别为26岁、42岁、61岁。主要的临床表现为肛门坠痛、便秘、血便、大便变形、腹泻,其中一例出现排尿困难。肛门指诊均触及肿物,大小在3cm～5cm,肿物较光滑,固定或半固定,指套带血少许。术前确诊1例;诊断直肠癌2例,术后确诊为直肠平滑肌肉瘤。3例患者均行根治术,术后行放疗。其中1例术中发现有腹膜 Rectal leiomyosarcoma is rare in clinical practice. This article collected 3 cases of rectal leiomyosarcoma treated in our hospital in the past 10 years, and reviewed the relevant domestic literature to expound its clinical and pathological features. 1 Clinical data The 3 patients in this group were all males, aged 26, 42 and 61 years respectively. The main clinical manifestations were anal drop pain, constipation, bloody stools, stool deformation, and diarrhea, one of which was dysuria. The anal sensation all touched the tumor, and the size was 3cm to 5cm. The tumor was smooth, fixed or semi-fixed, and the fingertips had a little blood. One case was diagnosed before surgery; 2 cases were diagnosed as rectal cancer, and rectal leiomyosarcoma was diagnosed after surgery. All 3 patients underwent radical resection and received radiotherapy after surgery. One of them found peritoneum during operation.