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上尿路移行细胞癌(upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma,UUT-TCC)包括肾盂癌和输尿管癌,其中肾盂癌较为多见,发病率为后者的4倍左右。3/4的输尿管癌发生于下段,1/5发生于中段,仅有约1/20发生于上段。目前,临床上根治性切除术是UUT-TCC的主要治疗手段,但临床实践证明,根治术后容易复发膀胱肿瘤,发生率约为20%~50%[1],这也是影响预后的重要因素之一,而且不同位置的UUT-TCC的生物学特性有差异,预后也不完全一致[2]。
Upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (UUT-TCC) includes renal pelvic and ureteral cancer, of which renal pelvis cancer is more common, the incidence rate of about 4 times the latter. Three-fourths of ureteral cancers occur in the lower segment, one-fifth in the middle segment, and only about 1/20 in the upper segment. Currently, radical resection in clinical practice is the main treatment of UUT-TCC, but clinical practice has proved that the recurrence of bladder cancer after radical surgery, the incidence of about 20% to 50% [1], which is also an important factor affecting the prognosis One, and different locations of the biological characteristics of UUT-TCC are different, the prognosis is not exactly the same [2].