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目的了解宿州市初中学生缺铁性贫血营养知识、态度和行为现状,为探讨针对性的铁营养知识教育方法和策略提供参考依据。方法随机分层整群抽取宿州市2所中学1 268名初中生进行铁营养知信行问卷调查。结果有36.7%的男生和43.4%的女生知晓铁是营养性贫血相关物质;能够知晓缺铁体征的男生比例为35.4%,女生为43.9%;仅有14.0%的初中生知晓含铁丰富的食物。不同性别初中生在铁营养知识的了解和铁营养知识的获取途径方面差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。高年级初中生对铁与人体健康关系和缺铁体征知识的知晓率高于低年级(OR值分别为1.468,1.177,P值均<0.05);父亲中专及以上文凭的初中生对此2项知识的知晓率明显高于父亲初中及以下文凭的初中生(OR值分别为1.537,1.330,P值均<0.05)。结论初中生营养知识的获取与学校的学习、家庭背景存在密切关系。需要学校和家庭共同采取针对性的营养教育方案,促进初中生健康饮食意识和行为的形成。
Objective To understand the status quo and current status of nutrition, attitude and behavior of iron deficiency anemia among middle school students in Suzhou City, and to provide reference for discussing the methods and strategies of targeted iron nutrition knowledge education. Methods A total of 1,268 junior high school students from 2 secondary schools in Suzhou City were randomly selected for stratification to conduct questionnaire survey on iron nutrition. Results 36.7% of boys and 43.4% of girls knew that iron was a nutrient anemia-related substance. 35.4% of boys and 43.9% of girls were aware of iron deficiency signs. Only 14.0% of junior high school students were aware of iron-rich foods . There were significant differences in the understanding of iron nutrition knowledge and iron nutrition knowledge among junior middle school students of different genders (all P <0.05). Junior high school students awareness of the relationship between iron and human health and iron deficiency signs were higher than those in the lower grades (OR = 1.468,1.177, P <0.05 respectively); junior high school students with father’s diploma and above The awareness rate of knowledge was significantly higher than that of junior high school students with junior high school diploma and junior high school diplomas (OR = 1.537, 1.330, P <0.05 respectively). Conclusion The acquisition of nutritional knowledge of junior high school students is closely related to school learning and family background. Schools and families need to take targeted nutrition education programs to promote the formation of healthy diet awareness and behavior of junior high school students.