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东西方之间的文化比较乃是一百年来的学术焦点,迄今仍有热烈讨论。文化比较有着多种多样的具体模式,但大体都具备一个共同特点:文化比较者均将东、西方对立起来加以比较,将二者分别推向两个相反的文化极端,构成人为的而非自然的对峙状态,在这个对峙的基础上进而给予定义、分析与价值判断。这种人为的对立状态造成了文化比较研究中的思想误区。从历史角度对此现象进行考察,可以发现“两极化”的错误思想贯穿了百年来的文化比较工作。由于“两极化”的文化比较研究属于人为的思想框架,并不代表各个文化之间的现实情况,所以此种思想模式造成很大的误导,不利于实事求是的科学观察与比较研究。两极化思维是人类普遍的心理学现象,文化比较中的两极化思维,有其认识论根源。近年来流行于世的“儒家角色伦理”这一学说,充分地体现了此种思想误区。
The cultural comparison between East and West is the academic focus of a hundred years, so far there is a lively discussion. Cultural comparison has a variety of specific models, but generally all share a common characteristic: cultural comparators compare East and West against each other and push the two towards the opposite cultural extremes, respectively, to form human rather than natural The state of confrontation, on the basis of this confrontation and then give the definition, analysis and value judgments. This man-made state of antagonism has caused the misunderstandings in the comparative study of culture. Looking at this phenomenon from a historical point of view, we can find that the erroneous thinking of “polarization” runs through the centuries-old cultural comparative work. Because the comparative study of culture of “polarization ” belongs to artificial thought framework and does not represent the reality between different cultures, this kind of thinking pattern is greatly misleading and not conducive to seeking and seeking truth from facts in scientific observation and comparative study. Polarization thinking is a common phenomenon of human psychology. The polarization thinking in cultural comparison has its epistemological roots. The popular Confucian ethics in recent years fully embodies these myths.