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尖嘴鱼属(Gomphosus)是一群分布于印度洋和太平洋热带珊瑚礁海域鱼类,共有2种,以往在中国海域记录有1种杂色尖嘴鱼(G.varius)。我们在分析20世纪90年代采自中国南海大陆坡的鱼类标本时,发现了该属的另一种雀尖嘴鱼(Gomphosus caeruleus Lacepède,1801),为中国新纪录种。本种的主要鉴别特征为:体呈浅黄褐色(雌)或深黑色(雄);吻部特别延长呈管状;体长为体高的4.2倍,为头长的2.6倍;背鳍Ⅷ-13,臀鳍Ⅲ-11,胸鳍i(不分支)+14(分支);脊椎骨25;鳃盖条7;体被中大圆鳞;侧线完全,在背鳍条的后部下方急剧向下弯折,侧线有孔鳞片27;头部仅鳃盖上部有9枚呈三角状排列的小鳞;背鳍起点前方有鳞8行;背鳍第一至第三鳍棘间的鳍膜具1黑斑;尾鳍截形。
Gomphosus is a group of fish species distributed in the Indian Ocean and Pacific tropical coral reefs. In the past, G. varius was recorded in the Chinese waters. When analyzing fish specimens taken from the continental slope of the South China Sea in the 1990s, we found another species Gomphosus caeruleus Lacepède (1801), a newly recorded species in China. The main distinguishing features of the species are as follows: the body is light brown (female) or dark black (male); the snout is particularly extended to be tubular; the body length is 4.2 times of body height and 2.6 times of the head length; dorsal fin Ⅷ-13, anal fin Pectoral fin i (no branch) +14 (branch); vertebra 25; gill cover 7; body is mesoaquaminate; lateral line completely abruptly downwardly bent below posterior portion of dorsal rays, lateral perforated scales 27; the upper part of the top of the gill capillaries triangular array of 9 small scales; dorsal fin in front of a scale of 8 lines; dorsal fins between the first fin to the third fin spines 1 dark spot; caudal fin truncated.