呼吸衰竭(静息呼吸时氧分压低于60毫米汞柱或CO_2分压高于49毫米汞柱)最常见于慢性阻塞性肺疾患急性发作者。此时治疗的目的是:①用适当的抗菌素控制感染;②用支气管扩张剂尽量缓解气道阻塞;③用物理疗法清除稠厚的分泌物;④有控制地吸氧以克服低氧血症。在呼吸衰竭时,由于对CO_2的呼吸反应已不良,故缺氧成为维持通气的一重要因素。 Respiratory failure (partial pressure less than 60 mm Hg at rest or CO 2 partial pressure greater than 49 mm Hg) is most commonly seen in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The purpose of treatment at this time is: ① with appropriate antibiotics to control infection; ② with bronchodilators try to ease airway obstruction; ③ physical therapy to clear the thick secretions; ④ controlled oxygen to overcome hypoxemia. In respiratory failure, hypoxia is an important factor in maintaining ventilation due to the poor respiratory response to CO 2.