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中东欧地区的几乎所有的国家在经历了深刻的市场改革时期之后,都能够在较短的期限内改善本国的宏观经济指标,而前苏联的各加盟共和国中的多数迄今尚未能使通货膨胀降低到可接受的水平,也未能抑制国内生产总值的急剧下跌。从苏联于1991年秋解体时起,花费在维护“卢布区”这种弊端颇多的制度上的时间太多了,当时,新独立的国家力图保持统一的货币空间,但却没有相应的集中调控机制。实质上,只是在这个“可以设想的货币体系中最糟糕的体系”于1993年秋崩溃并实行本国货币之后,独联体国家才有可能将力量集中于达到国民经济稳定和恢复宏观经济管理。本文所要研究的是独联体中三个大国——俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦和乌克兰——的经济稳定的计划,而这三个国家占前苏联国土的90%和人口的75%。之所以选择了这三个国家为例,除了政治和经济的意义之外,还因为对这三个国家可以获得有关的研究资料并具有具体的研究经验。
Almost all countries in Central and Eastern Europe have been able to improve their macroeconomic indicators within a relatively short period of time after a period of profound market reforms, while the majority of the former Soviet republics have so far failed to bring about inflation To an acceptable level, nor did it curb the sharp drop in GDP. From the time of the Soviet Union’s dissolution in the fall of 1991, too much time was spent on the system with a lot of defects such as the “ruble area,” when the newly independent countries sought to maintain a unified monetary space but without corresponding centralized control mechanism. In essence, only after the “worst system of the conceivable monetary system” collapsed and implemented its own currency in the fall of 1993 could the CIS countries be able to concentrate on the stabilization of the national economy and the restoration of macroeconomic management. What we are going to look at is an economically stable plan for the three big powers of the Commonwealth of Independent States - Russia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine, which account for 90% of the former Soviet Union territory and 75% of the population. The reason for choosing these three countries as an example is that political and economic significance as well as the availability of relevant research materials and specific research experience for these three countries are also available.