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目的探讨出生缺陷高低发区早孕妇女毛发中微量元素含量分布规律。方法采用流行病学生态学研究的方法,在中美出生缺陷监测系统中,按照南方城市、南方乡村、北方城市、北方乡村4个不同的地区,收集369例早期妊娠妇女毛发样品,以国际原子能机构推荐的毛发洗涤程序,微波消化、电感耦合等离子(ICP)质谱分析方法检测毛发样品中铜、锌、铬、锰、钴、钼6种必需微量元素含量,同时采用问卷方法调查每个孕妇孕龄、年龄、洗发间隔、吸烟、饮酒等主要混杂因素。结果南方城市、南方乡村、北方城市、北方乡村4个不同地区孕妇发锌几何均数分别是220.60,218.62,210.01和186.46(μg/g);其中南方和北方间、城市和乡村间总体发锌均值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而南方城乡间发锌差异无统计学意义,北方城乡差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。多因素分析结果进一步表明:地区因素是影响发中锌等微量元素地区差别的主要变量之一。结论出生缺陷高低发区孕妇毛发微量元素含量分布不同,发锌在不同地区间的分布与神经管畸形分布一致,提示锌等微量元素可能与神经管畸形有关。
Objective To investigate the distribution of trace elements in the hair of early pregnant women with high and low birth defects. Methods According to epidemiological study, 369 cases of early pregnancy women ’s hair samples were collected from 4 different regions in southern cities, southern villages, northern cities and northern villages in the birth defect monitoring system of China and the United States. The international atomic energy The method of hair washing, microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry recommended by the institute were used to detect the contents of 6 essential elements of copper, zinc, chromium, manganese, cobalt and molybdenum in hair samples. At the same time, Age, age, shampoo interval, smoking, drinking and other major confounders. Results The geometric mean numbers of zinc in pregnant women in four different regions in southern cities, southern villages, northern cities and northern villages were 220.60, 218.62, 210.01 and 186.46 (μg / g), respectively. In the southern and northern regions, There was significant difference between the mean values (P <0.01), while there was no significant difference in hair zinc distribution between the urban and rural areas in the south of China. There was significant difference between urban and rural areas in the north (P <0.001). The results of multivariate analysis further showed that the regional factors are one of the main variables that affect the regional differences in zinc and other trace elements. Conclusion The distribution of trace elements in pregnant women with different levels of birth defects is different. The distribution of zinc in different regions is consistent with the distribution of neural tube defects, suggesting that trace elements such as zinc may be related to neural tube defects.