人工造林是美国东北地区最普遍的土地经营措施之一。半世纪以来,千百万的树苗多半栽在农用撩荒地上,以期成为林地而能获得多种多样的林业收益。根据现有的知识,许多当时受到赞扬的造林措施,看来还有可疑的地方;其中显而易见的是植株的配置问题。早年林学家 Fernow 等不适当考虑土地利用的历 Artificial afforestation is one of the most common land management practices in the northeastern United States. Since half a century, millions of trees and trees have mostly been planted in agricultural uprooted land, with the aim of becoming forest land and obtaining diversified forestry benefits. Based on current knowledge, many of the afforestation measures that were then praised seemed questionable; the obvious part was the plant configuration. Fernow, an early forestryman, did not properly consider the calendar of land use