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[目的]了解上海市部分公共交通等候室及办公场所吸烟室(点)烟草烟雾污染水平和人群对公共场所全面禁烟的态度。[方法]在上海某机场3个吸烟室(A1、A2和B)、2个火车站的各1个吸烟室(C1和C2)、某办公楼宇吸烟室(D)及各吸烟室外1、3、5和10 m处设置监测点,并在该机场2个常用候机出发口隔离门外2 m(分别近室外吸烟点O1和O2)、隔离门之间和隔离门内2 m设置监测点,现场检测细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))和一氧化碳(CO)实时质量浓度(后称“浓度”),并实时观察吸烟室人数变化;采集机场吸烟室排风管烟垢进行实验室检测;并抽取乘客开展有关禁烟态度的问卷调查。KruskalWallis检验比较各监测点间空气污染物浓度,χ~2检验比较组间率的差异,Spearman秩相关分析吸烟室PM_(2.5)浓度与吸烟室人数的相关性。[结果]各场所吸烟室内PM_(2.5)全部超过国家GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》的二级标准,最高浓度可达34 800μg/m~3,超标463倍。各场所吸烟室污染范围和超标率不等,PM_(2.5)浓度依吸烟室距离增加呈逐渐降低趋势,表现为吸烟室>门外1 m>门外3 m>门外5 m>门外10 m;因场地面积和通风方式等因素的不同,各场所PM_(2.5)超标率表现为办公楼宇>火车站>机场;吸烟室PM_(2.5)浓度与吸烟室人数呈正相关(r=0.536,P<0.001);烟垢检出尼古丁,有害重金属元素砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)和锰(Mn)等,以及苯并[a]芘等致癌多环芳烃类物质。78.77%的调查对象对公共场所室内吸烟的行为表示反感或非常反感;对上海市实行公共场所室内全面禁烟政策,仅22.39%的被调查者持反对意见。[结论]部分公共交通等候室及办公场所吸烟室(点)PM_(2.5)超标严重,吸烟室无法有效隔离烟草烟雾污染,烟垢中存在多种有害物质,大部分公众赞成公共场所室内禁烟,本市实行公共场所全面禁烟必要且可行。
[Objective] To understand the tobacco smoke pollution level of some smoking rooms (spots) in the waiting rooms and office spaces of public transport in Shanghai and the attitude of the population to the total ban on smoking in public places. [Methods] Three smoking rooms (A1, A2 and B) at one airport in Shanghai, one smoking room (C1 and C2) at two railway stations, one smoking room at office building (D) , 5 and 10 m, and set monitoring points at 2 m (near outdoor smoking points O1 and O2 respectively) outside the isolation gate of the two common terminals at the airport and 2 m between the isolation gates and the isolation gate (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) real-time mass concentration (hereinafter referred to as “concentration”) on the spot, and observe the changes of the number of smoking rooms in real time; collect the exhaust pipe smoke scale in the airport smoking room for laboratory testing ; And take passengers to conduct a survey on the attitude of non-smoking. Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare the air pollutant concentrations among different monitoring sites. The differences between the two groups were compared by χ ~ 2 test, and the correlation between the concentration of PM 2.5 in the smoking room and the number of smoking rooms was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis. [Results] The PM_ (2.5) in all smoking rooms exceeded the second-level standard of GB3095-2012 “Ambient Air Quality Standard” with the highest concentration of 34 800 μg / m ~ 3, exceeding the standard of 463 times. The polluted range and over-standard rates of smoking rooms vary from place to place. The concentration of PM_ (2.5) decreases gradually with the increase of the distance between smoking rooms. The appearance of smoking room> 1 m outside the house> 3 m outside the house> 5 m outside the house> 10 outside the house m. The exceeding standard rate of PM 2.5 in various places showed office buildings> railway stations> airports because of the difference of site area and ventilation mode. The concentration of PM 2.5 in smoking room was positively correlated with the number of smoking rooms (r = 0.536, P <0.001). Nicotine was detected in the smoke scale, As, Cd, Pb, Cr and Mn, as well as carcinogenic polycyclic ring such as benzo [a] pyrene Aromatic hydrocarbons. 78.77% of the respondents expressed dissatisfaction or disgust with indoor smoking in public places; only 22.39% of the respondents disagreed with the implementation of the indoor comprehensive smoking ban policy in Shanghai. [Conclusion] Some PM_ (2.5) in smoking rooms (waiting points) in public transport waiting rooms and office places exceeded the standard seriously. Smoking rooms could not effectively isolate tobacco smoke pollution. There were many kinds of harmful substances in the scale. Most of the public favored indoor smoking ban in public places, The city’s implementation of a total ban on smoking in public places necessary and feasible.