目的提高对气管支气管骨化症(tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica,TBPO)的认识。方法回顾性总结我院经纤维支气管镜活检确诊的2例TBPO患者的临床资料,分析其临床特点、病理表现和诊疗依据,并结合文献复习。结果2例患者皆为男性,均有不同程度的咳嗽和少许咯血。纤维支气管镜检查可见气管。支气管前壁、侧壁黏膜部结节样或鹅卵石样突起,活检可见黏膜下软骨和骨组织形成,气管膜部未见异常。结论慢性不明原因的咳嗽和或间断少量咯血应警惕TBPO的存在。CT检查对诊断有帮助,纤维支气管镜检查是发现和确诊此病的主要手段。 Objective To improve the understanding of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplagy (TBPO). Methods The clinical data of 2 TBPO patients diagnosed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical features, pathological findings and diagnosis and treatment basis were analyzed, and the literature reviews were reviewed. Results Both patients were male, with varying degrees of cough and a small amount of hemoptysis. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy shows the trachea. Bronchial anterior, mucosal nodular or pebble-like protuberance, biopsy shows submucosal cartilage and bone formation, tracheal membrane was not abnormal. Conclusion Chronic unexplained cough and intermittent hemoptysis should guard against the presence of TBPO. CT examination is helpful in diagnosis, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy is the primary means of finding and diagnosing the disease.