[目的]探讨肾癌的临床诊断与手术治疗的方法和效果。[方法]对肾癌150例资料进行回顾性分析。以Kaplan-Meier法评估两种手术方法病人的存活率差异,用Log Rank Test和Generalized Wilcoxon Test分析预后因子对存活率的影响。[结果]诊断以B超、CT、MRI为主。AJCC临床分期:I期56.67%(85/150),Ⅱ期25.33%(38/150),Ⅲ期11.33%(17/150),Ⅳ期6.67%(10/150)。Ⅰ组行肾癌根治性切除术54.67%(82/150),Ⅱ组行肾癌根治性切除加淋巴结清扫45.33%(68/150)。5年累积生存率:Ⅰ组为(77.52±3.46)%,Ⅱ组为(75.65±3.82)%;对数秩检验(Log Rank Test),两组累积生存率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.325,P=0.265),(riskratio1.86,95%CI0.71~4.53,P=0.254)。两组5年累积生存率为75.86%±2.78%,其中pT1(97.55±1.36)%,pT2～pT4(62.51±2.37)%,pT1与pT2~4比较pT1有更高的5年生存率(Odds ratio0.264,95%CI0.075~0.972,P=0.038)。肿瘤直径小于7cm对生存率的影响有显著性(risk ratio0.38,95%CI0.16~0.82,P=0.015)。[结论]早期发现并早期根治性肾切除手术是肾癌的主要治疗方法,淋巴结清扫不能明显提高患者生存率。 [Objective] To explore the method and effect of clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma. [Methods] Retrospective analysis of 150 cases of renal cell carcinoma. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the difference in survival between the two surgeries. Log Rank Test and Generalized Wilcoxon Test were used to analyze the effect of prognostic factors on survival rate. [Results] The diagnosis of B-ultrasound, CT, MRI-based. The clinical stage of AJCC was 56.67% (85/150) in stage I, 25.33% (38/150) in stage II, 11.33% (17/150) in stage III and 6.67% (10/150) in stage IV. In group Ⅰ, radical resection of renal cell carcinoma was performed in 54.67% (82/150). In group Ⅱ, radical resection plus lymph node dissection was 45.33% (68/150). The 5-year cumulative survival rate was 77.52 ± 3.46% in group Ⅰ and 75.65 ± 3.82% in group Ⅱ. There was no significant difference in cumulative survival between the two groups (χ2 = 1.325 , P = 0.265), (riskratio 1.86, 95% CI 0.71 ~ 4.53, P = 0.254). The 5-year cumulative survival rate was 75.86% ± 2.78% in both groups, of which pT1 (97.55 ± 1.36)%, pT2 ~ pT4 (62.51 ± 2.37)%, pT1 and pT2 ~ 4 had higher 5-year survival rates ratio0.264, 95% CI0.075-0.972, P = 0.038). The tumor diameter less than 7cm had a significant effect on the survival rate (risk ratio0.38, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.82, P = 0.015). [Conclusion] Early detection and early radical nephrectomy is the main treatment for renal cell carcinoma. Lymph node dissection can not significantly improve the survival rate of patients.