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目的评价延安市消灭脊髓灰质炎工作的策略与效果,为保证消灭脊灰提供依据。方法描述1956年以来脊髓灰质炎的发病状况和流行特征,分析不同时期该病防制策略。结果随着脊灰疫苗的广泛使用,以及消灭脊灰活动的深入开展,延安市脊灰发病得到有效控制,发病率逐年下降,自1991年以来,已连续14年无确诊病例发生;防治对策主要采取常规免疫、强化免疫与扫荡免疫相结合,病例报告与主动监测相结合。结论延安市已阻断脊灰野病毒的传播;脊灰疫情控制后,免疫策略应作相应调整,以控制疫苗相关病例的发生。
Objective To evaluate the strategy and effect of eliminating poliomyelitis in Yan’an City and provide evidences for polio eradication. Methods The incidence and prevalence of poliomyelitis since 1956 were described, and the strategy of prevention and control of the disease at different periods was analyzed. Results With the extensive use of poliovirus and the further poliovirus eradication activities, the incidence of polio in Yan’an was effectively controlled and the incidence decreased year by year. Since 1991, no confirmed cases have been reported for 14 consecutive years. The main control strategies Routine immunization, combined with intensive immunization and anti-rash immunization, combined with case reports and active surveillance. Conclusion The spread of poliovirus has been blocked in Yan’an City. After polio epidemic control, the immunization strategy should be adjusted accordingly to control the occurrence of vaccine related cases.