生态位理论是生态学中的基本理论之一。当前,生态位理论已经超越了生物学的范畴,渗透到诸多学科领域,已成为生态学最重要的基础理论研究之一,也成为其他学科引进并合成新概念的一个“母概念”。任何一个观察对象都可以定义为一个“生态位”。一个城市、一个企业、一个地区乃至一个国家,都可以以“生态位”来定义。对于体 Niche theory is one of the basic theories in ecology. At present, the theory of niche has gone beyond the scope of biology and infiltrated into many disciplines and has become one of the most important basic theoretical researches in ecology. It has also become a “mother concept” of introducing and synthesizing new concepts in other disciplines. Any one observer can be defined as a “niche”. A city, a business, a region and even a country can be defined as “niche ”. For the body