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目的:探讨紧急气管切开患者的临床特点。方法:对45例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,分析其疾病特点、术前术后临床表现以及并发症。行紧急气管切开患者多见于肿瘤疾病(19例),非瘤性梗阻以头颈外伤(15例)和炎症性疾病(8例)为主。结果:2例患者术中死亡,2例患者术后死亡;呼吸困难明显、梗阻时间长的6例患者切开后发生了呼吸抑制;11例患者术中或术后出现并发症,出血、皮下气肿和局部副损伤是紧急气管切开的主要并发症。结论:紧急气管切开患者的状况不同于常规气管切开患者,术中时间短且多为自然体位,技术难度大,并发症的发生率高于常规气管切开者。长时间梗阻切开后不宜马上吸入纯氧,以防止出现呼吸抑制。
Objective: To investigate the clinical features of emergency tracheotomy patients. Methods: The clinical data of 45 patients were analyzed retrospectively to analyze their disease characteristics, clinical manifestations and complications before and after operation. Emergency tracheotomy patients more common in oncology disease (19 cases), non-tumor obstruction in head and neck trauma (15 cases) and inflammatory diseases (8 cases) based. Results: Two patients died during operation and two patients died after operation. Six patients with obvious dyspnea and prolonged obstruction had respiratory depression after operation. Complications, hemorrhage, subcutaneous Emphysema and regional accessory injuries are major complications of emergency tracheotomy. Conclusion: The condition of emergency tracheotomy is different from that of conventional tracheotomy patients. The operation time is short and mostly natural. It is technically difficult and the complication rate is higher than that of conventional tracheotomy patients. Prolonged obstruction should not immediately after inhalation of pure oxygen, in order to prevent respiratory depression.