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目的 分析海南省乙型肝炎 (乙肝) 监测点人群乙肝血清流行病学特征, 评价乙肝疫苗 (HepB) 纳入免疫规划的乙肝防控效果.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样抽取海口市和定安县1-29岁人群开展问卷调查, 采集血标本进行乙肝病毒 (HBV) 血清学标志物检测.结果 在533名调查对象中, HBV表面抗原 (HBsAg) 阳性率、HBV感染率、抗HBsAg抗体 (Anti-HBs) 阳性率分别为3.94％、12.95％、60.04％;其中1-4岁儿童HBsAg阳性率和HBV感染率分别为0.00％和0.60％, 5-14岁分别为1.02％、2.03％, 15-29岁分别为11.18％、37.65％;海口市、定安县HBs Ag阳性率分别为2.06％、6.22％, HBV感染率分别为10.62％、15.77％.1-4岁儿童HepB全程接种率、首剂及时接种率分别为100％、96.39％.结论 HepB纳入免疫规划显著减少了海南省监测点1-29岁人群特别是儿童的乙肝感染, 应加强新生儿HepB首剂及时接种和经济欠发达地区人群的HepB接种工作.“,”Objective To analyze seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus ( HBV) among people in monitoring settings of Hainan province, and to evaluate the effect of hepatitis B prevention and control after hepatitis B vaccine ( HepB) was included into the Expanded Program on Immunization. Methods We used stratified cluster random sampling to select subjects aged 1-29 years in Haikou city and Ding'an county for a questionnaire survey. We obtained blood samples to detect HBV markers. Results Among a total of 533 subjects, the HBV surface antigen ( HBs Ag) positivity rate, HBV infection rate, and antibody to HBs Ag ( Anti-HBs) positivity rate were 3. 94％, 12. 95％, and 60. 04％, respectively. The HBs Ag positivity rate and HBV infection rate were 0. 00％ and 0. 60％ among 1-4 year-olds, 1. 02％ and 2. 03％ among 5-14 year-olds, and 11. 18％ and 37. 65％ among 15-29 year-olds, respectively. In Haikou and Ding'an, HBs Ag positivity rates were 2. 06％ and 6. 22％, and HBV infection rates were 10. 62％ and15. 77％, respectively. Among 1-4 year-olds, the full-series coverage of HepB was 100％, and the timely coverage with the first dose of HepB was 96. 39％. Conclusions The HepB immunization program significantly reduced hepatitis B infections of the 1-29 year old population, particularly among children, in monitoring settings of Hainan. We should enhance the timely first-dose HepB vaccination for newborns and HepB vaccination for the population in less-developed areas.