利用透明电热膜热模拟试验方法,对竖排单支全玻璃真空集热管进行了流体自然流动可视化及传热试验研究,提出了热水器合理安装倾角和真空管开口端直接插入水箱内的整体设计方案。运行结果表明,该设计具有热效率高、防冻可靠、实用性能好等优点,可满足我国广大北方地区全年用热水的要求。 Using the transparent electric heating film thermal simulation test method, the visualization and heat transfer experiment of the vertical single-branch full-glass vacuum tube were carried out. The overall design scheme of the water heater with the dip angle and the open end of the vacuum tube inserted directly into the water tank was proposed. The results show that the design has the advantages of high thermal efficiency, reliable antifreeze, good practical performance and so on, which can meet the requirements of hot water throughout the year in the vast northern part of our country.