目的调查云南省高危地区(昭通市的永善县、普洱市的江城县)碘缺乏病流行现况及防治措施落实情况,适时采取应急强化补碘措施。方法入户家庭主妇问卷调查、采集居民食用盐测定碘含量;入校调查8～10岁学生智商水平、尿碘含量、甲状腺大小(B超和触诊);搜索诊断新发地方性克汀病病人。结果永善县、江城县碘盐覆盖率分别为85.6%,86.7%,其中永善县莲峰镇为65.2%;合格碘盐食用率分别为77.2%,86.1%;儿童甲肿率B超法分别为7.6%,11.3%,触诊法分别为0.5%,0.9%;儿童IQ均值与标准差分别为84.89±18.53,92.73±15.29。2个县的儿童、孕妇和哺乳期妇女尿碘中位数均>200μg/L,家庭主妇碘缺乏病健康教育知晓率不到50%。永善县发现散在地方性克汀病病例3例。结论食盐加碘后,儿童和妇女的碘营养缺乏状况除局部地区非碘盐冲击严重外,总体上已得到纠正。应开展碘缺乏病健康教育宣传,加大非碘盐督查力度;对有地方性克汀病病例而碘盐覆盖率<80%的乡镇开展重点人群的应急补碘,及时阻断碘缺乏危害。 Objective To investigate the current status of iodine deficiency disorders in high-risk areas of Yunnan Province (Yongshan County, Zhaotong City and Jiangcheng County of Puer City) and the implementation of prevention and treatment measures, and take emergency measures to supplement iodine supplements. Methods Questionnaire investigation of housewives was conducted to measure the iodine content of residents ’salt intake. The students’ intelligence level, urinary iodine content, thyroid size (B-ultrasonography and palpation) were surveyed at school. The diagnosis of newly diagnosed endemic cretinism patients . Results The coverage rates of iodized salt in Yongshan County and Jiangcheng County were 85.6% and 86.7% respectively, of which 65.2% were in Lianfeng Town, Yongshan County. The qualified iodized salt rates were 77.2% and 86.1% respectively. Respectively, 7.6%, 11.3%, palpation were 0.5%, 0.9%; children’s IQ mean and standard deviation were 84.89 ± 18.53,92.73 ± 15.29.2 counties of children, pregnant women and lactating women urinary iodine median Number> 200μg / L, housewife iodine deficiency disorders health education awareness rate of less than 50%. Yongshan County found scattered cases of endemic cretinism in 3 cases. Conclusion Iodine deficiency in children and women has generally been corrected except for non-iodized salt shocks in some areas after salt iodization. Should carry out health education and publicity for iodine deficiency disorders, increase supervision of non-iodized salt; for cases of endemic cretinism and iodized salt coverage <80% of the township to carry out emergency population iodine supplementation, timely blockade of iodine deficiency hazards .