一、引言犯罪学研究在中国是一个相对较新的学术领域。从1949年共产党执政到20世纪80年代中国开始实行“改革开放”政策,几乎不存在有关犯罪和刑事司法的研究。根据当时的中国共产党的意识形态,人们普遍认为,犯罪,特别是街头犯罪,不应该是社会主义社会的一部分,况且,当时中国的刑事犯罪水平都很低,因此,一些学者认为,毛 I. Introduction Criminology is a relatively new academic field in China. From the communist party in 1949 to the 1980s, China began to implement the “reform and opening up” policy. There is almost no study on crime and criminal justice. According to the then Chinese Communist Party’s ideology, people generally believed that crimes, especially street crimes, should not be part of a socialist society. Furthermore, at that time, China’s criminal criminality was very low. Therefore, some scholars believe that Mao