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商业,在人类社会经济活动中作为从事商品交换活动的独立的经济行业,是社会再生产过程的组成部分。它起源于生产,是生产发展到一定阶段的产物,和一切事物一样,有它的产生、发展和消亡过程。在原始公社时期,虽已出现了交换,但还没有形成商业。产生商业的必要条件是:(1)生产已有分工;(2)产品已有剩余和储藏;(3)交换已经出现;(4)产品占有观念已经产生;(5)计时、计量、计算技术已经发明;(6)国家已经出现;(7)货币已经形成。以上(1)到(5),在原始公社末期就具备了;(6)、(7)在商业形成在时间上的分界线。形成商业的地点,则首先是城市。以下,用我国古代最早的文字——商代
Commerce, as an independent economic industry engaged in commodity exchange activities in human social and economic activities, is an integral part of the social reproduction process. It originated from production and was the product of a certain stage of production development. Like all things, it has its own process of production, development, and disappearance. During the period of the original commune, although exchanges have already taken place, no business has yet been formed. The necessary conditions for the production of business are: (1) the existing division of labor; (2) the product has surplus and storage; (3) exchange has emerged; (4) concept of product possession has been produced; (5) timing, measurement, and calculation techniques Have been invented; (6) Countries have emerged; (7) Currency has been formed. The above (1) to (5) are available at the end of the primitive communes; (6) and (7) are the dividing lines in the formation of commerce. The first place to form a business is the city. Following, using the earliest Chinese ancient text - Shang Dynasty