我国在二十世纪九十年代中期开始出现的市场供给过剩问题 ,是经济体制转型期经济机制不健全和经济运行中的各种矛盾交织的结果 ,其中 ,有效需求不足是造成经济增长速度长期低迷的主要原因。国家实施积极的财政政策等一系列扩大内需的宏观调控政策后 ,经济开始出现转机 ,但其基础是十分脆弱的 ,外在因素的影响和短期政策效应的色彩很浓 ,以消费需求为主导的内在动力机制还未真正形成 ,造成有效需求不足的各种深层矛盾尚未根本缓解 ,各种潜在风险依然存在。因此 ,扩大有效需求 ,稳定经济回升势头的任务依然十分繁重。今后 ,继续采取扩张性财政政策是必要的 ,但应逐渐弱化 ,宏观政策的重心应逐步从财政主导型过渡到利率市场化条件下的货币调控型 ,最终以建成完善的社会主义市场经济体制和成熟的供求调节机制为目标 ,在实现充分和旺盛的有效需求的基础上 ,借助市场价格信号引导社会投资方向 ,积极推进经济结构的战略性调整 ,实现产业结构优化和产品升级 ,使供给不断创造出新的需求空间 ,并保持供给与需求在总量和结构上的持续相对平衡 The problem of excess supply in the market that started to emerge in our country in the mid-1990s was the result of the combination of various contradictions in the economic mechanism during economic transition and the economic operation. Insufficient effective demand resulted in long-term economic downturn The main reason. After the state implemented a series of macro-control policies to expand domestic demand, such as the proactive fiscal policy, the economy started to turn around but its foundation was very fragile. The influence of external factors and the effect of short-term policies were very strong and the consumer demand was the dominant factor. The intrinsic motivation mechanism has not yet taken shape. Various deep-rooted contradictions that have caused the insufficient effective demand have not been fundamentally alleviated. All kinds of potential risks still exist. Therefore, the task of expanding effective demand and stabilizing the economic recovery remains extremely heavy. In the future, it will be necessary to continue to adopt an expansionary fiscal policy, but it should gradually be weakened. The center of gravity of macroeconomic policies should gradually shift from a fiscal-oriented model to a monetary regulatory regime under the conditions of interest rate liberalization. In the end, with the completion of a sound socialist market economic system and Mature supply and demand adjustment mechanism as the goal, on the basis of full and vigorous effective demand, using market price signals to guide the direction of social investment, and actively promote the strategic readjustment of the economic structure to achieve optimization of industrial structure and product upgrades, so that supply continues to create A new demand space, and maintain the supply and demand in the total volume and structure of the relative balance of the continuous