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目的探讨上海市某区女性乳腺癌发病的主要危险因素和保护因素。方法采用年龄1∶1匹配病例对照研究,选取2010-2014年该区疾病预防控中心肿瘤报告系统中的乳腺癌患者89例,选择离病例最近的邻居中无血缘关系,经查体健的人群79例;病例和对照均为本区常住居民。采用统一设计的调查表,收集人口学特征、女性生理生育因素等信息。采用χ2检验和非条件Logistic回归分析女性乳腺癌发病风险的影响因素。结果χ2检验分析结果显示,病例和对照两组间在BMI、流产数、参加公益活动、曾患多种乳腺疾病、乳腺癌家族史,吃红肉、玉米和生活负性事件多等8个因素间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,BMI、乳腺癌家族史和生活负性事件多等3个因素为乳腺癌发病的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);参加公益活动为乳腺癌发病的保护因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。辖区妇女的乳腺癌防治知识知晓率偏低,总体知晓率为36.3%。结论乳腺癌的发病与BMI、乳腺癌家族史和精神因素相关。乳腺癌防治知识知晓率较低,建议加强相关宣传,并采取综合性防治措施。
Objective To explore the main risk factors and protective factors of breast cancer in a certain area of Shanghai. Methods The age-matched 1: 1 case-control study was carried out. 89 cases of breast cancer in the CDC tumor reporting system from 2010 to 2014 were selected. Among them, no neighbors were selected from the neighbors of the cases, 79 cases; both cases and controls are permanent residents in this area. A unified design of the questionnaire, collecting demographic characteristics, female physiological growth factors and other information. Factors influencing the risk of breast cancer in women were analyzed by χ2 test and non-conditional Logistic regression. Results χ2 test results showed that eight factors (BMI, abortion, participation in public welfare activities, had a variety of breast diseases, family history of breast cancer, eating red meat, maize and negative living events, etc.) Between the two groups, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI, family history of breast cancer and negative living events were the risk factors of breast cancer incidence (P <0.05). Participation in public welfare activities was a significant risk factor for breast cancer The protective factors, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Area awareness of breast cancer awareness of women is low, the overall awareness rate of 36.3%. Conclusion The incidence of breast cancer is related to BMI, family history of breast cancer and mental factors. Breast cancer awareness of awareness is low, it is recommended to strengthen the relevant publicity, and take comprehensive prevention and control measures.