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一、引言鼻硬肿(Rhinoscleroma)亦称鼻硬结病,按拉丁原文含有硬而肿的意义,故‘鼻硬肿’译名似更较恰当,在苏联文献则简称为硬肿病(Склороа)。本病实为呼吸道的一种慢性炎症性肉芽肿性疾病。病原为Frisch(1882年)杆菌,据苏联文献则称为волкович—Фриш杆菌,证明该菌实已由Волко-вич氏同时发见。病变多开始在鼻腔前部粘膜,其后外展可累及鼻孔附近皮肤及上唇(故有皮肤硬肿病Scleroma derma之称):甚或侵犯下唇;内延可达上颌窦、软,硬颚、鼻咽部、喉、以及悬雍垂、扁桃体、舌、齿龈、鼻泪管、泪囊、咽鼓管、中耳;或侵及外耳道;甚可侵犯气管及枝气管,故有‘呼
I. INTRODUCTION Rhinoscleroma, also known as rhinoscleroma, has a hard and swollen meaning according to the Latin text. Therefore, the translation of ‘nasal hard swollen’ seems to be more appropriate. In Soviet literature, it is referred to as scleroderma (Склороа). This disease is a chronic inflammatory granulomatous disease of the respiratory tract. The etiological agent is Frisch (1882) bacillus. According to Soviet literature, it is called волкович-Фриш bacillus, which proves that the bacterium has already been seen by Волко-вич. The lesions mostly began in the anterior mucosa of the nasal cavity, followed by abduction can affect the skin near the nostrils and the upper lip (so the sclerroma derma known as scleroderma): even invading the lower lip; internal extension up to the maxillary sinus, soft, hard palate, Nasopharyngeal, larynx, and uvula, tonsils, tongue, gums, nasolacrimal duct, lacrimal sac, eustachian tube, middle ear; or invading the external auditory canal; even invade the trachea and trachea, so there’s