政府管制的一个根本特征,就是依法管制,也即通常所说的依法行政。这里的“法”必须是合理的法。否则依法行政或依法管制就成为少数强势利益集团侵害弱势利益集团的“合法”工具。 按照市场失灵的特征,行政管制可分三大类。 第一类是经济性的管制。它是对某一个特定行业、特定产业进行的一种纵向性管制。这些行业往往具有一些特点,如自然垄断性。像电信中的本地网络、电力中 One of the fundamental characteristics of government regulation is that it is governed by the law, that is, the so-called administration by law. The “law” here must be a reasonable one. Otherwise, the lawful administration by the law or regulation by law becomes the “legal” tool of a few powerful interest groups to infringe upon the interests of vulnerable groups. According to the characteristics of market failure, administrative control can be divided into three categories. The first category is economic regulation. It is a kind of vertical control of a particular industry, specific industries. These industries tend to have features such as natural monopoly. Like telecommunications in the local network, in power