以化石燃料为基础的发电方式会产生大量二氧化碳,从而导致全球气候变暖。我们需要采取行动减少化石燃料的使用和二氧化碳的排放。海洋能源存在巨大潜力,但是其开发还面临着跨学科的技术、成本、投资、环境影响和政府政策等方面的问题。本文简要介绍了海上风电、潮流、洋流、潮差、波浪能、海洋热能、盐度梯度、生物能等方面的内容,简述了开采海洋可再生能源需要进行研究的领域。这些领域包括能源存储、高级材料、机器人和信息学。本文以可持续性的角度从伦理、立法、监管环境、政府政策、经济、社会和环境制约等方面给出了海洋可再生能源发展的要求,强调我们亟需富有钻研精神的新一代科学家解决海洋可再生能源面临的重大挑战。 Fossil-fuel-based power generation generates large amounts of carbon dioxide, leading to global warming. We need to take action to reduce the use of fossil fuels and carbon dioxide emissions. There is great potential for ocean energy, but its development faces issues of interdisciplinary technology, costs, investment, environmental impact and government policies. This paper briefly introduces the contents of offshore wind power, tidal current, ocean current, tidal range, wave energy, ocean thermal energy, salinity gradient, bioenergy and so on. It also briefly describes the areas that need to be studied for exploiting marine renewable energy. These areas include energy storage, advanced materials, robotics and informatics. This paper presents the requirements for the development of marine renewable energy from the aspects of ethics, legislation, regulatory environment, government policies, economic, social and environmental constraints from a sustainability point of view, stressing that we urgently need a new generation of scientists with rich research ability to solve the problems of ocean Major Challenges for Renewable Energy.