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由于利润微薄,俄罗斯石油生产出现大滑坡局面。 80年代后半期,俄罗斯曾是世界最大的石油生产国,现在则已降至第三位,而且从苏联解体以来石油产量迅速下降的趋势迄今仍无改进迹象。美国一些分析家认为,尽管俄国石油工业有巨大潜力,但看来不可能在近几年内恢复昔日的盛况。 主要问题在于利润微薄。石油出口可为俄罗斯换取硬通货,可是国家对石油工业征税重,而国内市场价格在政府控制之下,低于生产成本。投资不足和官僚主义妨碍了生产和出口的扩大。 1991年以来,俄罗斯石油产量下降约1
Due to the meager profits, Russia’s oil production experienced a major decline. In the second half of the 1980s, Russia was once the world’s largest oil producer, and now it has dropped to the third place, and since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the trend of rapid decline in oil production has so far shown no sign of improvement. Some analysts in the United States believe that despite the great potential of the Russian oil industry, it seems impossible to reinvigorate the past in recent years. The main problem is that the profits are meager. Oil exports can be exchanged for hard currency in Russia, but the state imposes heavy taxes on the oil industry, while the domestic market price is under government control and is lower than the cost of production. Insufficient investment and bureaucracy hamper the expansion of production and exports. Since 1991, Russia’s oil production has declined by about 1