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烧伤以后体内的新陈代谢会发生显著的变化。由于大量的氮从伤口及尿中排出,患者氮的摄取量的减少因而形成较长时期的负氮平衡。此外钾、钠、氯等电解质的代谢亦发生变化,体内的水分由于早期输液的补充和水肿而迅速增加。脂肪和醣都有丧失,硫胺素、核黄素、尼可酸,抗坏血酸从尿中的排出减少。烧伤后体内血浆蛋白降低,血浆中形成高球蛋白与低自蛋白的此例,产生贫血。一些代表肝功能的试验如脑磷脂-胆固醇絮凝试验,麝香草酚混浊试验都不正常。烧伤患者的营养供耠标准:一般按照每公斤体重每日供耠蛋白质2—3克,热量50—70卡。抗坏血酸与B族维生素必需供给足量。水和电解质的供给不能机械地按照Evans公式而须根据患者的实验室诊断和临床变化。早期强飼高蛋白高热量的膳食虽对患者有好处,但亦必需考虑到胃腸功能所发生的障碍以及食后所引起的反应。供给营养的最基本方法还是依靠膳食,不够时可用管飼法补充。若患者不能吃食物亦不能用管飼法时才注射营养液。
After the burn the body’s metabolism will change significantly. Due to the large amount of nitrogen excreted from wounds and urine, the reduction of nitrogen intake in patients led to a longer negative nitrogen balance. In addition potassium, sodium, chlorine and other electrolyte metabolism also changes, the body of water due to early infusion of fluid supplement and edema and rapid increase. Fat and sugar are lost, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, ascorbic acid decreased excretion from the urine. After the burn, the plasma protein in the body is reduced, and in this case, the plasma forms high-globulin and low-protein, resulting in anemia. Some tests on behalf of liver function such as brain phospholipid - cholesterol flocculation test, thymol turbidity test are not normal. Burns for patients with nutritional standards 一 standard: generally in accordance with the daily weight per kilogram of protein 2-3 grams, 50-70 calories card. Ascorbate and B vitamins must be supplied in sufficient amounts. The supply of water and electrolytes can not be mechanically based on the Evans formula but depends on the patient’s laboratory diagnosis and clinical changes. Although high-calorie diet may be beneficial for patients, it is also necessary to take into account the obstacles that occur in gastrointestinal function and the reactions that occur after eating. The most basic way to provide nutrition is still relying on the diet, not enough when gavage supplement. If the patient can not eat food can not be injected when feeding tube nutrient solution.