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以长江中下游地区5种生育类型中有代表性的57个粳稻品种为试材,研究了空白,低(150kghm-2)、中(225kghm-2)、高(300kghm-2)4种氮素水平下粳稻加工品质的变化规律,探讨了粳稻加工品质各项指标在不同氮肥水平和生育类型下的差异以及整精米率对氮素响应的品种差异及其分类。结果表明:(1)所有类型品种,糙米率、精米率和整精米率均随氮肥水平的增加而增加,但增加幅度逐渐减小,其中整精米率在高肥与中肥水平下的差异不显著。(2)总体上各类型品种间生育期越长,加工品质越好:晚粳类型的糙米率、精米率和整精米率高于中粳类型,各类型内迟熟品种高于早熟品种,其中晚粳品种的平均整精米率比中粳品种高出19.07%。(3)根据水稻整精米率对氮肥响应的敏感程度,把所有品种分为迟钝型、中间型和敏感型3种。并据此推荐了利于生产实践中提高加工品质的两类品种,一类是整精米率较高且在各氮肥水平下均表现比较稳定,另一类在低氮肥水平下整精米率较低,但通过增施氮肥,可把整精米率提高到较高水平。
A total of 57 japonica rice cultivars from five types of reproductive types in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were used as experimental materials to study the effects of four nitrogen sources, nitrogen (150kghm-2), 225kghm-2 (middle) and 300kghm- The variation of processing quality of japonica rice at different levels and the differences of the indexes of processing quality of japonica rice under different nitrogen fertilizer levels and types of fertility as well as the differences and classification of varieties responding to nitrogen by the rate of head milled rice were discussed. The results showed that: (1) All varieties, brown rice rate, milled rice rate and milled rice rate all increased with the increase of nitrogenous fertilizer level, but the increase rate decreased gradually. The difference of milled rice rate between high and medium fertilizer was not Significant. (2) In general, the longer the growth period and the better processing quality, the better the processing quality was: the rate of brown rice, milled rice and milled rice of late japonica type was higher than that of middle japonica rice, and the late mature varieties of all types were higher than the precocious varieties The average rate of finishing rice of late japonica varieties was 19.07% higher than that of middle japonica rice varieties. (3) According to the sensitivity of the rate of rice milled rice to nitrogenous fertilizer, all the varieties were divided into three kinds, which were slow type, intermediate type and sensitive type. Based on this, two kinds of varieties which are favorable to the improvement of processing quality in production practice are recommended. One is that the milled rice yield is relatively high and stable under all nitrogenous fertilizer levels, while the other is lower in low nitrogenous fertilizer level, However, through the application of nitrogen fertilizer, milled rice rate can be raised to a higher level.