一、概述随着近代上下水道、电力电信、热力煤气、矿业巷道和地下铁等工程事业的发展,越来越多采用顶管、盾构、巷道掘进等不开槽施工法。如以日本1977年为例,在上水、下水、地下铁和铁路隧道四个方面,计有392个工程项段采用不开槽施工法,从1976年8月到年底,仅四个月中,全日本就办理隧道出口事宜22起。施工技术的机械化,加上先 I. Overview With the development of modern sewer, power and telecom, thermal gas, mining roadway and subway, more and more non-notched construction methods such as pipe jacking, shield tunneling and roadway excavation are adopted. Take Japan as an example in 1977, there are 392 project sections in Sheung Shui, Launching, Subway and railway tunnels. In the period from August 1976 to the end of the year, in only four months , All over Japan for the tunnel exit 22 issues. Construction mechanization, plus first