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笔者从1976年开始收集本地区的篦麻品种,并进行了杂交组合的配制。由于对篦麻品种的名称搞不太清楚,文中的篦麻的品种名称是我自己根据产地和特征暂定的。试验证明,篦麻和其他作物一样,利用两个遗传性不同的品种进行有性杂交,杂种一代的杂种优势是很显著的(见照片)。经3个单位试验,杂种一代的产量显著高于双亲的组合有:“池青×无刺青”、“无刺红×池红”等,一般较双亲增产23—39%,反交的增产效果与之相类似。杂种一代生长势强,茎秆粗壮,抗旱、抗病性增强,单穗的蒴果数增加,结实率提高。单株蒴果数增加140%。篦麻品种间杂交,并不是任意两个品种杂交都有杂种优势。必须选择亲缘关系较远的品种杂交,才能达到增产的目的。同一地区的品种,虽然株型和茎叶的颜色不同,但一般因亲缘关系较近,杂种优势不明显。因此,应广泛收集篦麻的品种资源,配制组合,测定配合力,以便选择出适合当地种植的杂交组合。一般的遗传规律是:小粒型与大粒型杂交,杂种倾向大粒品种;蒴果有刺品种与无刺品种杂交,杂种的蒴果有刺;红粒型与黑粒型品种杂交,杂种的种子为红色。
From 1976, the author began to collect the varieties of Castor Rye in this area and made the preparation of the hybrid combination. Because of the name of the species, the species of scones is tentatively set by me based on the origin and characteristics. Experiments have shown that, unlike other crops, ruddy hemp uses two hereditary varieties for sexual crosses, and the heterosis of hybrid generations is significant (see photo). After three units of experiments, the yield of the hybrid generation was significantly higher than that of the parents: “Chi Qing × no tattoos”, “no pungent × Chi Chi” and so on, generally increased by 23-39% Similar. The hybrid generation grew strong, stalks stalks, drought resistance, disease resistance increased, the number of single panicle increased, the seed setting rate increased. Bolls per plant increased by 140%. Crossbreed rapeseed hybrids, not any two hybrids have heterosis. Must choose the genetic relationship of distant hybrids, in order to achieve the purpose of increasing production. The same region varieties, although the plant type and stems and leaves of different colors, but generally due to the kinship close, heterosis is not obvious. Therefore, a wide range of resources should be collected from the genus Castor, the preparation of combinations, determination of combining ability, in order to select suitable for local hybrid cultivation. The general genetic law is: small grain and large grain hybrids, hybrids tend to large grain varieties; barbed varieties of barbs hybrids and non-thorn varieties, hybrids barbed; red type and black type hybrids, hybrids red seeds.