作文教学是小学语文教学的重要组成部分,是言语交际中最基本的表达训练。作文教学既要培养学生用词造句、布局谋篇的能力,又要培养学生观察事物、分析事物的能力。培养观察能力虽然不是作文教学的专门任务,但要写好作文却非常需要敏锐的观察能力。遵循从近到远,从简单到复杂,从图画到实物,再到生活的原则,引导学生从观察图画逐步过渡到观察生活,这是培养小学生观察能力和作文能力的关键。根据小学低、中、高年级学生感知觉、思维、想象能力和注意力发展的阶段性差异,作文教学中对学生观察能力的要求和培养也应有所区别,进行分 Composition teaching is an important part of Chinese teaching in primary schools and is the most basic expression training in verbal communication. Essay teaching should not only cultivate students’ abilities to make sentences and layout, but also train students to observe things and analyze things. Although it is not a specialized task of composition teaching to cultivate observation ability, it requires keen observation ability to write essay very much. Follow the principle of from near to far, from simple to complex, from picture to object, to life, and guide students to gradually observe the picture and observe life. This is the key to cultivating pupils’ abilities of observing and writing. According to the different stages of the development of sensory perception, thinking, imagination and attention in low, middle and high school students in primary school, the requirements and training of students’ observation ability in composition teaching should also be differentiated.